Generic/Brand Name Briefly describe in paragraph form the generic name of the medication, with indications and off label use if applicable Indications Describe in paragraph form, the indications for this medication, as it relates to your client. Off Label Use Many medications have off label uses.Haloperidol Medication Analysis & Specific Adjustments . Research off label use for the selected medication and include them in the paragraph. Does this apply to your patient? Explain your answer. Nursing Implications Apply your knowledge of the chosen medication, to a client in a clinical setting. In paragraph form, discuss specific nursing implications to incorporate into the care of this client Health Teaching Apply your knowledge of the chosen medication, to a client in a clinical setting. In paragraph form, discuss specific adjustments made to ensure that the health teaching was learned by the client Duffy’s Caring Model In a paragraph, explain how Duffy’s Caring Model (Chap 3) was applied to create a healing environment for the client that will lead to maximal effects of this medication. Do not include basic nursing care such as introducing self, lowering the bed, giving the call light, ect. References Aschenbrenner, D. & Veneable, S. (2012). Drug Therapy in Nursing (4th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer Health. Duffy, J. R. (2013). Quality caring: In nursing and health systems (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Springer Publishing Co. Lippincott, W. (2017). Nursing 2018 drug handbook (38th ed.). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer or davis’s drug guide Pharmacology Medication Analysis Objective: This assignment is to analyze the role of the nurse as provider and manager of care related to the pharmacological management of the client’s health; to adjust the education of the medication to the individual needs of a client, taking into consideration their age, culture, learning abilities, and learning style. Guidelines: Each unit will have a medication list. Choose a medication(s) that you want to know/understand more about. Some units will require you to do two medications. You are required to do 20 medications this semester. Include the following information: 1. Generic name of the medication, with indications and off label use if applicable 2. Apply your knowledge of the chosen medication, to a client in a clinical setting. a. Discuss specific nursing implications incorporated in your care for this client b. Discuss specific adjustments you provided to ensure that the health teaching you provided was learned by the client 3. Explain how you applied Duffy’s Caring Model (Chap 3) to create a healing environment for the client that will lead to maximal effects of this medication 4. Provide a minimum of two references 5. Follows APA requirements APA Required: 1. Typed Times New Roman or Arial, 12 font, one inches margins, and double-spaced. 2. In the header, put the chosen medication on the left and your name on the right. 3. Follow APA format for in text citing, p 177 of APA manual. 4. This assignment should be 2 pages in length. 5. You do not need to include a cover page. 6. For these papers, you may write in the first person. 1/2020 Aspen Pub./JONA lwwj014-14 December 24, 2004 17:3 JONA Volume 35, Number 1, pp 4-6 C 2005, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc. IN MY OPINION Implementing the Quality-Caring Model c in Acute Care Joanne R. Duffy, DNSc, RN, CCRN Nurses are beset by multiple tasks and responsibilities while simultaneously supervising others and coordinating healthcare teams.USF Pharmacology Haloperidol Medication Analysis & Specific Adjustments Discussion

There is little time for meaningful relationships with patients and families or other members of the healthcare team. A powerful editorial by a former nursing administrator observed that hospitalbased registered nurses (RNs) were assigned so many tasks that they “established relationships with medication carts and IV pumps because that’s all they had time for.”1(p9) Yet, when asked about the value of patient relationships, RNs reported that taking the time to learn specific patient information, using subtle patient cues, and understanding patients’ views helped them to know what approaches would work, anticipate outcomes, and make important clinical decisions.2 Nurses, knowing that the formation of caring relationships with patients and families is a central tenet3 of practice, have developed theories that explain components of caring relationships.4 Yet, establishing and maintaining caring relationships with patients is assumed and integrated Author’s affiliation: Associate Professor, The Catholic University of America, School of Nursing, Washington, DC. Correspondence: The Catholic University of America, Michigan Ave NE, Washington, DC 20064 (duffy@cua.edu). 4 among the myriad tasks nurses perform. Recent evidence, however, has demonstrated a link between nurse caring and patient outcomes. For example, 3 studies were found that demonstrated significant positive relationships between nurse caring and patient satisfaction.5-7 Another study showed an increase in patient satisfaction scores after a caring intervention was implemented in a small community hospital.8 Functional status scores improved faster when more nurse caring behaviors were demonstrated as reported by patients recovering from ambulatory surgery.9 Not only has nurse caring been linked to clinical and service outcomes but it has also been deemed financially beneficial.10 How can we explain this disconnect between current practice and what nurses intuitively know and evidence is beginning to substantiate? Would implementation of a relationship-centered practice model strengthen the quality of relationships in acute care and contribute to improved healthcare outcomes? c THE QUALITY-CARING MODEL c 11 The Quality-Caring Model exposes the hidden value of nursing (caring), guides practice, and provides a foundation for outcomes evaluation and research. In this model, the evidence-based practice environment of present-day healthcare is simultaneously merged with the caring processes of nursing. Caring values, attitudes, and behaviors dominate the process of care and establish the foundation for 2 key relationships.Haloperidol Medication Analysis & Specific Adjustments . The independent patient-nurse relationship is primary and includes all interactions and interventions for which nurses are accountable and implement autonomously.11 Collaborative relationships include “those activities and responsibilities that nurses share with other members of the healthcare team.”11(p82) Together, these 2 “relationship-centered professional encounters”11(p83) dominate the process of nursing and, in concert with certain structural variables, are hypothesized to influence quality healthcare outcomes. The model places relationships, particularly the patient-nurse relationship, at the core of the therapeutic process. It is an evolving, developmental process that seeks to understand the unique perspective of patients/families. Through caring relationships, nurses interact, connect, and come to know the context, meaning of illness, beliefs, and preferences of patients and families.12 As a result, individuals feel “cared for” and are more willing to share, work together, change old patterns, and adhere to new regimens.USF Pharmacology Haloperidol Medication Analysis & Specific Adjustments Discussion

Implementing controversial practice models has been a traditional charge of nursing administrators13 ; yet, the challenge in applying the JONA • Vol. 35, No. 1 • January 2005 Aspen Pub./JONA lwwj014-14 December 24, 2004 17:3 IN MY OPINION model is the creation of caring environments where relationships not only matter but they are also primary. The model posits that nursing’s primary role is initiating, cultivating, and sustaining caring relationships with patients and families. Second, nursing has a responsibility to cocreate caring relationships with members of the healthcare team in order to foster cohesive teams for effective caregiving. Since the model places these activities at the core of nursing work, operationalizing it has major implications for the practice of nursing in acute care. The model suggests a major redesign, with implications not only for nurses but also for other health team members. KEY STEPS TO SUCCESS Implementing the model means that care providers and administrators must first learn how to think differently about interacting with patients and with each other. Interacting with an intent to know, or understand another, is risky because the hurried environment of acute care does not reward human interaction. In fact, “the current culture is that it is not OK to sit down and talk with patients.”14(p508) Starting with the top leadership team, value must be placed on human relationships such that staff members learn that it is a foremost priority. To accomplish this, the leadership team must spend time reading, discussing, comprehending, and eventually embracing the model’s components and propositions. The model’s congruence with the current philosophy and mission of the nursing department and the organization should be assessed. A consultant familiar with implementing the model may be helpful in facilitating understanding at a series of offsite meetings. At this stage, the leadership team must be willing to engage in discussion regarding strengths and weaknesses of the model and must address the feasibility of implementation in a particular organization. In this phase, a shared leadership vision of the value of relationships, consensus JONA • Vol. 35, No. 1 • January 2005 of the model’s benefits to the organization, and commitment to its implementation are the goals. Appointing a person or committee responsible for model implementation is essential. This person(s) should be highly regarded throughout the organization, with excellent interpersonal skills and an absolute knowledge of the model. Without a responsible party whose goal is to ensure successful implementation in a specific time frame, the implementation process can be sidelined as a perceived nonessential task. Implementing a conceptual model is best accomplished in phases, and requires a supportive infrastructure. To assess readiness, an analysis of the current organizational structure, policies and procedures, role designations and job descriptions, and healthcare outcomes of various departments is needed. Understanding where the organization is relative to what is required for success will help drive the redesign plan. Next, a written implementation plan will provide the blueprint for action. In this phase, departments can be chosen for pilot implementation, time lines are developed, and steps to implementation are delineated. It may be wise to choose at least 1 department where the gap between what is and what is needed to succeed is not too wide to realize positive results in a timely fashion. Such feedback provides encouragement and data necessary for continuation. USF Pharmacology Haloperidol Medication Analysis & Specific Adjustments Discussion

Redesigning the actual work is a difficult phase of struggling to meet the needs for a revised focus amidst a conventional bureaucratic system. For example, to realize the goal of “caring relationships are initiated, cultivated, and sustained and are the foundation for practice,”11(p68) professional nurses must go beyond the traditional biomedical model and choose to own the responsibility for caring relationships. Knowing aspects of patients’ lives such as roles and responsibilities, preferences, concerns/ worries, available social networks, home environments, educational levels, and daily routines suggests that dedicated time is made available to interact with patients and families. Furthermore, the interaction must be of a quality that patients feel “cared for.” Learning or relearning communication principles, including verbal and nonverbal behaviors, demonstrating cultural and language sensitivity, helping patients and families learn in their own unique way, frequent surveillance, providing encouragement, comforting, and demonstrating concern for what is important to patients and families requires excellent human relationship skills and a willingness to use them frequently. Reprioritization of nursing actions is needed, with increased emphasis on human relations and less emphasis on routine tasks. Placing caring relationships central to practice requires removing demands that RNs presently meet and ensuring adequate time for “being with” patients. Identification of nurses who are committed from admission through discharge to assume primary responsibility for forging caring relationships connotes professionals who work in a consistent pattern and interact frequently with patients, families, and team members. In short, designated RNs in this model would assume more relationship-centered activities and make clinical decisions based on the caring connection established with patients and families. This has implications for staffing and scheduling plans as well as compensation and reward systems. Reallocation of work may be necessary for those with roles that support RNs. Examination and revision of traditional shift work, including the popular 12-hour model, may be necessary to the model’s success. Revision of patient assessment and documentation tools that include more holistic views of patients/families and evaluation tools with built-in reward systems for effective caring relationships are necessary supports to the model. In this phase, staff nurse involvement in cocreating the redesigned work is essential to success. A sound professional development program that introduces staff 5 Aspen Pub./JONA lwwj014-14 December 24, 2004 17:3 IN MY OPINION and leadership to systems thinking,15 model components, the work redesign plan, required competencies, and supporting policies and procedures should precede and continue throughout implementation. It is important to go slow and maintain flexibility during implementation. Choosing a small number of departments to start and then gradually expanding will allow the requisite time for revision and adjustment to new ways of thinking and acting. After a reasonable amount of time is spent in pilot implementation, evaluation is necessary to validate the credibility of the model and to measure overall goal achievement. Maximizing results requires routine measurement of patient, nursing, and system outcomes, multidisciplinary forums for recommending practice changes, and evaluation. Designing an evaluation plan, collecting and analyzing data, and disseminating the results in a useful manner are necessary prerequisites. Opportunities for improvement and/or revision of the implementation will result, leading to eventual expansion of the program. RISKS AND BENEFITS In this way of thinking about patient care, professional nurses do not focus on tasks, equipment, or the latest technology. USF Pharmacology Haloperidol Medication Analysis & Specific Adjustments Discussion

Haloperidol Medication Analysis & Specific Adjustments . Rather, the model calls for the integration of current knowledge/evidence with the unique characteristics and contexts of relating human beings. Patients are viewed as knowledgeable partners who share the responsibility for health while professional nurses facilitate health through relationship. For example, in helping a patient learn about a new medication, the nurse (who may not be familiar with it) and the patient together may look it up on the World Wide Web. The nurse’s role in this model would be to help the patient sort out quality Web sites, understand what he or she is reading, and together create a plan for adherence. Both the nurse and patient ben- 6 efit from this interaction in terms of new knowledge gained, increased potential for adherence and/or self-care, and satisfaction with the process. Achieving full implementation of the model involves an investment of time, resources, and the involvement of all care providers. Avoiding common barriers to success such as failing to get “buy-in” from nursing staff, organizational leadership and physicians, going it alone without advice from others, and failure to appoint responsibility and establish time frames are important. Conversely, facilitators such as making full use of a shared governance model and clinical nurse specialists, frequent communications, effective reward systems, and ongoing evaluation may enhance full implementation. Embracing the model as the foundation for practice supports the emerging evidence of the value of caring relationships in optimizing patient, nurse, and system outcomes. While there are risks associated with its implementation, the potential benefits are enormous. Patient satisfaction may improve (as has been documented in the literature) and decreased adverse outcomes (and their associated costs) may result as RNs spend more time “being with,” observing, advocating for, and anticipating, patients. Nurse satisfaction and retention may improve as RNs spend more work time doing what they were educated to do. The Quality-Caring Model is being tested in a clinical trial, funded by the National Institute of Nursing Research. While data are still being collected, the model is presented here for consideration by readers as a way to support the genuine work of nursing in acute care. REFERENCES 1. Forman H. Do we really practice relationship-centered care? J Nurs Adm. 2004;3(1):9. 2. Ebright P, Patterson ES, Chalko BA, Render ML. Understanding the complexity of nurse work in acute care set- 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. tings. J Nurs Adm. 2003;33(12):630638. Tresolini CP. Pew-Fetzer Task Force. Health Professions Education and Relationship-centered Care: Report of the Pew-Fetzer Task Force on Advancing Psychosocial Education. San Francisco: Pew Health Professions Commission; 1994. Watson J. Nursing: The Philosophy and Science of Caring. Denver: Colorado Associated University Press; 1985. Duffy J. The impact of nurse caring on patient outcomes. In: Gaut D, ed. The Presence of Caring in Nursing. New York: National League for Nursing Press; 1992. Wolf ZR, Colahan M, Costello A, et al. Relationship between nurse caring and patient satisfaction. MedSurg Nurs. 1998;7(2):99-105. Yeakel S, Maljanian R, Bohannon R, Coulombe K. Nurse caring behaviors and patient satisfaction: improvement after a multifaceted staff intervention. J Nurs Adm. 2003;33(9): 434-436. Dingman S, Williams M, Fosbinder D, Warnnick M. Implementing a caring model to improve patient satisfaction. J Nurs Adm. 1999;29(12):30-37. Swan BA. Postoperative nursing care contributions to symptom distress and functional status after ambulatory surgery. MedSurg Nurs. 1998;7:148158. Issel LM, Kahn D. The economic value of caring. Healthc Manage Rev. 1998; 23(4):43-53. Duffy J, Hoskins LM. The Qualityc Caring Model : blending dual paradigms. Adv Nurs Sci. 2003;26(1):7788. Duffy J. Caring relationships and evidence-based practice: can they coexist? Int J Hum Caring. 2003;7(3): 45-50. American Association of Colleges of Nursing. Joint statement on nursing administration education. Available at: www.aacn.nche.edu/publications/ p. Accessed August 2, 2004. Hanson MM, Durbin J, SinkowitzCochran R, et al. Do no harm: provider perceptions of patient safety. J Nurs Adm. 2003;33(10):507-508. Formella N, Rovin S. Creating a desirable future for nursing, Part 3: Moving forward. J Nurs Adm. 2004;34(7/8): 313–317. JONA • Vol. 35, No. 1 • January 2005 …