How might the evidence in these studies be of use to refining you PICOT question or perhaps formulating or implementing your DPI project?
DNP 801 EMPIRICAL RESEARCH IDENTIFICATION

Empirical Research Identification

Empirical research studies are essential in the process of the evidence-based research project. Empirical studies or research articles usually report findings of studies utilizing data obtained from experimentation or actual observation. Since they are primary sources, empirical studies are critical in answering PICOT questions. It is, therefore, important that an individual possesses the skills needed to search for the right kinds of empirical research studies that can effectively address the PICOT question. As such various research articles have been obtained that align with the PICOT question: Among patients with diabetes (P), what is the efficacy of psychoeducation (I) as compared to routine diabetes (C) care in controlling diabetes (T) within a one-year study period (T)?

Research Article Chart

Criteria and Defining Characteristics Article 1: Article 2: Article 3:
Abstract
After reading the abstract, what do you expect to learn from the article?

One of the articles that align with the PICOT question is an empirical article authored by Cezaretto et al. After reading the article’s abstract, I expect to learn various things, one of which is the type of psychoeducation intervention that the researchers explored and used in improving diabetes symptoms. I am also expecting to learn about the subjects and methods used in conducting the research. Besides, I expect to learn more about the results they obtained, especially on the efficacy of the psychoeducation intervention that they studied. The other empirical research article that aligns with the PICOT question is an article authored by Hati et al. Again, after reading the article’s abstract, I expect to learn various things regarding the research carried out. I am expecting to learn the nature of psychoeducation used by the researchers to improve diabetes parameters such as family support, self-efficacy, and health locus of controls. I am also expecting to learn about their data collection and analysis procedures. Another relevant empirical research article is an article authored by Karimpour et al. after reading the abstract section of the article; I am expecting to learn various things through the body of the article. Among them are the psychoeducational interventions that the researchers have used to improve adaptation and mental health literacy among diabetic patients. I am also expecting to learn the research methods applied in the study and the major findings of their study.
Introduction: Summarize the following in paragraph form.
· What is the purpose of the study?

· What is the scope of the study?

· What is the rationale for the study?

· What is the hypothesis or research question?

· What key concepts and terms are noted?

· Is a review of the literature provided?

· The study was done with the main purpose of comparing the efficacy of two interventions for diabetes (intervention based on psychoeducation and traditional intervention) on cardiometabolic risk factors and daily habits.
· The main scope of the study covered the influence of the interventions among diabetic individuals on the cardiometabolic risk factors(Cezaretto et al., 2017).

· The rationale for the study is that psychoeducation has proved to be effective in managing psychiatric diseases and therefore was envisioned that it could be efficacious in diabetes management too.

· The main hypothesis of the study was that an intervention based on interdisciplinary psychoeducation could be connected to improve psychological and clinical benefits in comparison to the traditional intervention.

· Various key concepts and terms have been presented in the article including, retention, psychoeducation, lifestyle, depression, diabetes prevention, and interdisciplinary.

· The article has provided a comprehensive literature review covering some of the lifestyle modifications that have been previously applied to manage diabetes and its symptoms and the use of psychoeducation in managing some other types of conditions(Cezaretto et al., 2017).

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· The study’s primary purpose is to examine the psychoeducation influence on health locus of control (Hati et al., 2020).
· The scope of the study entailed focusing on increasing the blood sugar levels control among diabetic patients.

· The rationale for the study is that diabetes forms part of the top conditions that cause death and that psychoeducation is among the interventions that can help in changing communication patterns in the families of patients living with diabetes to help in better outcomes. It was, therefore, important to study the efficacy of psychoeducation on patients with diabetes.

· The hypothesis of the study was that with the use of psychoeducation, diabetic patients could manage the disease better, and the efficacy of the intervention is boosted by family support presence, with the patients capable of controlling their levels of blood glucose better(Hati et al., 2020).

· Among the key terms and concepts described and discussed in the research article include diabetes mellitus, family support, self-efficacy, psychoeducation, and Health Locus of Control.

· Like the first article, this article has also provided a comprehensive literature review detailing, among other things, the prevalence of diabetes, impacts, risk factors, and some of the interventions that have been used in the past years.

· The study was carried out with the major purpose of investigating the efficacy of psychoeducation in helping to improve adaptation and mental health literacy among patients with diabetes.
· The scope of the study was the evaluation of various psychoeducational strategies in managing diabetes (Karimpour et al., 2018).

· The rationale of the study was that psychological or mental comorbidity is prominent among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Therefore it is prudent to explore interventions that can effectively help diabetic patients to improve adverse symptoms resulting from common mental comorbidities such as depression.

· This study hypothesized that by implementing psychoeducation among patients with diabetes, the patients would have a better or improved adaptation and mental health literacy.

· This study has also discussed some key concepts and terms such as Type 2 diabetes, mental health literacy, adjustment to illness, psychoeducation, and cognitive behavioral therapy(Karimpour et al., 2018).

· As the already discussed articles, this article has also provided a literature review, covering the prevalence of diabetes, its impacts, the projected number of diabetic patients in years to come, and some of the interventions for management.

Methods: Summarize the following in paragraph form.
· What is the population being sampled?

· What is the data collection procedure presented?

· What other procedures are described?

· The population sampled in the study were persons who were treated under the Sao Paulo, Brazil public health system and were screened for diabetes using a questionnaire.
· Various data collection procedures have been presented in the article, including screening of individuals using questionnaires. Data was also obtained by taking biochemical, depression, quality of life, diet, and physical activity measurements(Cezaretto et al., 2017).

· Other procedures recorded in the article include recruiting the research participants and data analysis procedure.

· The population sampled for the study entailed older adults living with Type 2 diabetes mellitus in Prolanis Puskesmas.
· The data collection procedure described in the research article is through questionnaires. The questionnaires were given to the research subjects who provided the needed information (Hati et al., 2020).

· Like the first research article, Other procedures recorded in the article include the procedure of recruiting the research participants as well as the data analysis procedure.

· The population sampled for this research was people already diagnosed with diabetes type 2 and have lived with the symptoms for at least thirty-six months
· The data collection procedure described in the article was through questionnaires (Karimpour et al., 2018).

· Various other procedures have been detailed in the article, including recruiting the research participants as well as data analysis procedure.

Results: Summarize the following in paragraph form.
· What are the given findings?

· How was data collected?

· Are the findings supported by graphs and charts?

· What does the analysis of data state?

· Among the given findings in the article include improved physical activity and energy intake upon the use of psychoeducation intervention. Besides, improved blood pressure and lower fat mass were also more prominent in the group using the psychoeducation intervention.
· Data were collected mainly through the use of questionnaires. SF-36 was used in obtaining data on quality of life. Stadiometer and Filizola digital scale were used in measuring height and weight, respectively (Cezaretto et al., 2017).

· The findings of the research have been represented using graphs and chats.

· Data were analyzed using SPPSS with descriptive statistics used to represent data. Generalized Linear Mixed Models were used.

· The researchers gave various findings in the article. For instance, after psychoeducation, the participants became more responsible when it comes to controlling their health. Besides, self-efficacy improved upon the implementation of psychoeducation.
· Data were mainly collected through the use of questionnaires.

· Even though the researchers have tabulated some of their research findings, they have not represented them using charts or graphs.

· The analysis part of the article indicates that they used the Wilcoxon test for data analysis (Hati et al., 2020).

· Some of the findings given in the research article are that the impact of the psychoeducation intervention during the post-test and follow-up phases were 57% and 48%, respectively (Karimpour et al., 2018).
· The data was mainly collected through questionnaires and other tools such as the Mental Health Literacy Scale and the Psychosocial Adjustment to Medical Illness Scale.

· Even though the researchers have tabulated some of their research findings, they have not represented them using charts or graphs.

· The researchers analyzed the research data using Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA).

Conclusion: Summarize in paragraph form.
· What is the summary of the study?

· What is the conclusion of the hypothesis?

· What are the questions for future research?

· The study’s summary is that psychoeducation as an intervention coincided with reduced cardiometabolic risks among prediabetes individuals.
· The conclusion of their hypothesis is that the use of interdisciplinary psychoeducation is connected to better psychological and clinical benefits.

· The article does not address any specific question for future research, even though the researchers have acknowledged that their study has limitations.

· The summary of the study is that the p-value is less than 0.005 for the impact of psychoeducation of locus of control, family support, and self-efficacy among patients with diabetes (Hati et al., 2020).
· The study has not given any clear conclusion on the hypothesis

· The study has similarly not offered any questions for future research.

· The summary of the study is that when mental health literacy concerning diabetes-associated mental disorders is improved, then the quality of life among such patients improves.
· The conclusion of the hypothesis is that as the researchers hypothesized, psychoeducation proved to impact positively on diabetes outcomes.

· The researchers recommend that other research tools and longer follow-ups be used in further research to improve accuracy.

References
· What is the total number of references used in the study?

· List two of the references used.

· The article has used a total of thirty-seven references.
· Examples of references used include Slagter SN, van Vliet-Ostaptchouk JV, van Beek AP, Keers JC, Lutgers HL, van der Klauw MM, et al. Health-Related Quality of Life in Relation to Obesity Grade, Type 2 Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Inflammation. PLoS One. 2015;16;10(10):e0140599.

· And

Cameron AJ, Magliano DJ, Dunstan DW, Zimmet PZ, Hesketh K, Peeters A, et al. A bi-directional relationship between obesity and health-related quality of life: evidence from the longitudinal AusDiab study. Int J Obes. 2012;36(2):295-303.

· The research article has used a total of twenty-three references
· Some examples of the references used include, Nailiy Huzaimah, ‘Model Psikoedukasi Untuk Meningkatkan Pemahaman Dan Efikasi Diri Penderita Diabetes Mellitus Tipe2’, WIRARAJA MEDIKA, 2018 and

American Diabetes Association of Medical Care in Diabetes_2015 Diabetes Care

· The article has used a total of twenty-nine references
· Examples of referenced articles include Khandan M, Vosoughi S, Azrah K, Poursadeghiyan M, Khammar A. Decision making models and human factors: TOPSIS and Ergonomic Behaviors (TOPSIS-EB). Management Science Letters. 2017; 7(2):111-8. [DOI:10.5267/j. msl.2016.11.008 and

O’Connor M, Casey L. The Mental Health Literacy Scale (MHLS): A new scale-based measure of mental health literacy. Psychiatry Research. 2015; 229(1-2):511-6. [DOI:10.1016/j. psychres.2015.05.064] [PMID]

Conclusion

This empirical research identification task has involved a careful search of the literature. The published empirical research articles that have been obtained and analyzed in this write-up were restricted to research efforts published in the last five years. All three analyzed articles show some evidence that psychoeducation can be efficacious in improving the health outcomes of diabetic patients.

References

Cezaretto, A., Barros, C. R. D., Almeida-Pititto, B. D., Siqueira-Catania, A., Monfort-Pires, M., Folchetti, L. G. D., & Ferreira, S. R. G. (2017). Lifestyle intervention using the psychoeducational approach is associated with greater cardiometabolic benefits and retention of individuals with worse health status. Archives of endocrinology and metabolism, 61(1), 36-44. https://doi.org/10.1590/2359-3997000000185

Hati, Y., Fadillah, F., Pase, M., & Muchsin, R. (2020). Effect of Psycho Education Modification on Health Locus of Control, Self Efficacy, Family Support in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in 2020.

Karimpour Vazifehkhorani, A., Karimzadeh, M., Poursadeghiyan, M., & Rahmati-Najarkolaei, F. (2018). Psychoeducation on improving mental health literacy and adjustment to illness in patients with type 2 diabetes: an experimental study. Iranian Rehabilitation Journal, 16(4), 395-404. Doi: 10.32598/irj.16.4.395

Details:

The purpose of this assignment is to understand the usefulness of evidence and the support it provides when answering a PICOT question.

General Requirements:

Doctoral learners are required to use Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.
This assignment uses a rubric. Please Review the rubric prior to the beginning to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.
You are not required to submit this assignment to Turnitin.
DNP 801 EMPIRICAL RESEARCH IDENTIFICATION
DNP 801 EMPIRICAL RESEARCH IDENTIFICATION

Directions:

Part 1 : Empirical Article Selection

Locate three empirical articles related to your PICOT question that meet all the criteria found on the “Empirical Research Checklist” resource.

Part 2: Research Article Chart

Using the articles acquired in Part 1, provide a summary review of each component using the “Research Article Chart” template.

Submit the completed Research Article Chart to your instructor.

Definition of an empirical study: An empirical research article reports the results of a study that uses data derived from actual observation or experimentation. Empirical research articles are examples of primary research.

Parts of a standard empirical research article: (articles will not necessary use the exact terms listed below.)

Abstract … A paragraph length description of what the study includes.
Introduction…Includes a statement of the hypotheses for the research and a review of other research on the topic.
Method …A description of how the research was conducted, such as:
◊ Who are participants
◊ Design of the study
◊ What the participants did
◊ What measures were used
Results…Describes the outcomes of the measures of the study.
Discussion…Contains the interpretations and implications of the study.
References…Contains citation information on the material cited in the report. (also called bibliography or works cited)
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Characteristics of an Empirical Article:

Empirical articles will include charts, graphs, or statistical analysis.
Empirical research articles are usually substantial, maybe from 8-30 pages long.
There is always a bibliography found at the end of the article.
Type of publications that publish empirical studies:

Empirical research articles are published in scholarly or academic journals
These journals are also called “peer-reviewed,” or “refereed” publications.
Examples of such publications include:
◊ American Journal of Sociology
◊ Sociological Quarterly
◊ Sociological Methods and Research
Databases that contain empirical research: (selected list only)

Academic Search Premier add these words to your search terms:
method* or research or research design or survey* or data or result*
PsycINFO limit your searches by Form/Content Type to Empirical Study
ERIC limit to Pub. Type to Reports – Research/Technical
Change one dropdown box to Record. This finds REPORTS–RESEARCH.
Sociological Abstracts 1963 – present.
Sports Discus Change search limit to Level = Advanced for original scientific research
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DNP 801 Topic 5 Annotated Bibliography
Details:
The purpose of this assignment is to be able to actively search for relevant research related to your PICOT topic and present it in a formal annotated bibliography.General Requirements:
Refer to the resource, “Preparing Annotated Bibliographies,” located in the Student Success Center, for additional guidance on completing this assignment in the appropriate style.
Doctoral learners are required to use Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.
This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.
You are required to submit this assignment to Turnitin.
Directions:

As you search the library for scholarly research, limit your search to identify empirical articles. You can use the “Empirical Research Checklist” to help with this determination. Upon finding an empirical study, assess the validity of the conclusion by determining if the conclusion answers your proposed research question and if the methodology is appropriate.

Using the “Empirical Research Checklist” and your knowledge of finding empirical research articles, locate six articles directly related to your proposed PICOT question. You may use the three you used for the assignment in Topic 4.

Write an annotation for each of the six articles that includes a concise summary in your own words and the correct APA citation for each article.

DNP 801 Topic 8 Evaluation of Research
Details:

The purpose of this assignment is to evaluate empirical research as it relates to your PICOT question.

General Requirements:

Doctoral learners are required to use Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.
This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.
You are required to submit this assignment to Turnitin. Please refer to the directions in the Student Success Center.
Directions:

Using feedback from your instructor on your PICOT question and annotated bibliographies, revise your PICOT question and annotations.

Using your annotations, write a 1,250-1500 word paper, in which you evaluate the literature, including the study conclusions, merits, and shortcomings. Your evaluation should address the following questions, and your conclusions should be supported with appropriate citations.

In which studies are the themes of the literature review similar? Different?
In which studies do the data support the conclusion?
In which studies do the conclusions answer the research question?
What questions would you ask the authors?
How might the evidence in these studies be of use to refining you PICOT question or perhaps formulating or implementing your DPI project?

DNP 801 Topic 8 Final PICOT Question Submission
Details:

The purpose of this assignment is to create a final PICOT question for your DPI Project to be approved by the college.

General Requirements:

APA style is not required, but solid academic writing is expected.
This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.
You are not required to submit this assignment to Turnitin.
Directions :

Using the “PICOT Question Template,” submit your final PICOT question for college approval to both the dropbox and the email address below.
PICOTDNP@gcu.edu