MINI-RESEARCH PROPOSAL RUBRIC CRITERIA Literature Review A.Summarizes the literature findings review. Research Design B. Describes the research design. Includes a model of the design, the strengths and weaknesses of the design validity. Describes the proposed intervention(s) if appropriate- including the protocol for implementing the intervention in detail including who would implement the intervention and describe how intervention fidelity would be ensured. Not all studies will have interventions. Descriptive studies will not have interventions. Sample C. Identifies the populations and sample. Includes sample size, use of power analysis, sample criteria and sampling methods including strengths and weaknesses. Setting D. Describes the selection of a setting. Determines strengths and weaknesses of the setting. Ethical Considerations E. Presents ethical considerations, the protection of subjects’ rights and university and agency IRB plan and process and the protection of data, data storage, and data destruction. Measurement F. Selects the measurement methods. Includes reliability, validity, scoring and level of measurement of the instruments, as well as plans for examining reliability and validity of the instruments in the present study. Exhibits precision and accuracy of physiological measures Data Collection G. Reviews plans for data collection, including the process, training of data collectors (if appropriate) and the schedule, data collection forms, and management of data. Data Analysis H. Reviews plan for data analysis, including demographic data, analysis for research objectives, questions or hypothesis, level of significance and, if appropriate, other analysis techniques. Limitations I. Identification of limitations Dissemination Plan J. Plans for sharing your results Running head: NURSE BURNOUT AND PATIENT SAFETY Nurse Burnout as Predictor for Patient Safety: A Quantitative Research Proposal Author name Institution name 1 NURSE BURNOUT AND PATIENT SAFETY Abstract [The abstract should be one paragraph of between 150 and 250 words. It is not indented. Section titles, such as the word Abstract above, are not considered headings so they don’t use bold heading format. Instead, use the Section Title style. This style automatically starts your section on a new page, so you don’t have to add page breaks. Note that all of the styles for this template are available on the Home tab of the ribbon, in the Styles gallery.] 2 NURSE BURNOUT AND PATIENT SAFETY Nurse Burnout as Predictor for Patient Safety: A Quantitative Research Proposal (Start background to the research problem) 1. Problem and Purpose Statement (What research aims to achieve in relation to the research problem) 2. Review of Literature (Critical literature relevant to the study) 3. Objectives (Hypothesis or Research Question).. PICOT??? 4. Methods and Procedures (Proposed research approach, research design, data collection, sampling methods, and data analysis to be adopted). Research Proposal for Study Replication

4.1 Ethical Consideration Presentation of ethical considerations- protection of subjects’ rights and university and agency IRB plan and process Protection of data, data storage and data destruction. (Remember to state that a waiver for informed consent is submitted to IRB) 4.2 Time Frame A full year time frame….. 4.3 Design Model Donabedian model… conceptual model…… 4.4 Strengths, Weaknesses, and Validity of Design Refer to DB week 2…. 4.5 Sampling Methods and Setting 3 NURSE BURNOUT AND PATIENT SAFETY 4.5.1 Sample Criteria Population, sample size, sample criteria, and sampling methods including strengths and weaknesses. Setting strengths and weaknesses. 4.5.2 Procedure Start here….. 4.6 Variables and Measurements measurement methods – include reliability, validity, scoring and level of measurement of the instruments, as well as plans for examining reliability and validity of the instruments in the present study; precision and accuracy of physiological measures 4.6.1 Nurse to Patient Ratio Start here…. 4.6.2 Non-Nursing Tasks Start here…. 4.6.3 Nurse Burnout Start here…. 4.6.4 Patient Safety Start here….. 5. Results 5.1 Data Collection Plan for data collection – including the process, training of data collectors if appropriate, schedule, data collection forms and management of data 4 NURSE BURNOUT AND PATIENT SAFETY 5.2 Data Analysis Plan for data analysis- demographic data, analysis for research objectives, questions or hypothesis, level of significance and if appropriate other analysis techniques 6. Limitations Start here……… 7. Recommendations and Dissemination Plan Start here………….. 5 NURSE BURNOUT AND PATIENT SAFETY 6 References Gray, J., Grove, S., & Sutherland, S. (2017). Burns and Groves the practice of nursing research: appraisal, synthesis, and generation of evidence (8th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier. Liu, X., Zheng, J., Liu, K., Baggs, J.G., Liu, J., Wu, Y., & You, L. (2018). Hospital nursing organizational factors, nursing care left undone, and nurse burnout as predictors of patient safety: A structural equation modeling analysis. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 86, 82-89. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2018.05.005 NUR520 – Discussion 1 Describe a research proposal. What is the purpose of a proposal? According to Gray et al. (2017), “a research proposal is a formal written summary that communicates a plan for a proposed research study and includes the major elements of a study while also seeking approval and funding to conduct it” (p.620). The proposal includes the what, why, how, where, and to whom the research will be done. The main purpose of a research proposal is to inform and persuade the readers of the nature and value of the proposed research project. It also gives the researcher an opportunity to show that they have the skill to conduct and complete the study by demonstrating their ability to communicate complex ideas clearly, concisely, and critically. What does it mean to replicate a research study? Is replication a good idea in nursing research? Why or why not? Replicating a research study means repeating a study using the same processes but with different subjects and researchers and still arrive at or produce the same findings as the original study. Research Proposal for Study Replication

Research Proposal for Study Replication Assignment Paper. Before a research study is used in nursing practice, the results need to be able to be proven multiple times through replicable research studies to show greater confidence in the results, extends the generalizability of the findings, fosters transparency, correct limitations, and helps build a foundation of the evidence-based knowledge; therefore, replication of nursing research studies is essential to nursing practice. What study will you use to replicate in your proposal? Include an APA reference for that study. Why did you choose to replicate this study for your proposal? Provide a brief background on the topic. Why is this a significant problem in nursing? What is the purpose of your proposed research study? My Nur510 integrated literature review was done on “the effects of nurse burnout on patient safety”. I decided to replicate the study done by Liu et al (2018) on “Hospital nursing organizational factors, nursing care left undone, and nurse burnout as predictors of patient safety: A structural equation modeling analysis” (link provided on reference) for my research proposal. This study is a cross-sectional study and is a Level IV descriptive correlational on the levels of evidence. The study showed that there are multiple factors and mediators including nurse burnout that affects patient safety. The study used different methods and evaluation tools that helped them arrive to their conclusion. Background: A survey conducted by RNnetwork in 2017 showed that 62 percent of professional working nurses in the United States are experiencing nurse burnout and have considered leaving the profession (Sutherland, 2017). A recent survey done by Nursing2019, a peer-reviewed journal, showed that 37 percent of surveyed nurses have left their first nursing job due to stressful working conditions. Nurses believe that nurse burnout affects both nurses and patients as it affects the level and quality of patient care they could provide. One of the several reasons that nurses experience burnout is the on-going nursing shortage. Working while being short-staffed leaves nurses feeling mentally and physically fatigued which can lead to a high probability of making mistakes and causing patients to suffer. According to the US Bureau of Labor Statistics (2018) about 1.1 million new nurses are needed to prevent further nursing shortage. In addition to nursing shortage from lack of new graduate nurses and the increase in retiring nurses, nurses leaving the profession because of burnout has a huge impact on the future of the nursing profession as well as the healthcare economy. The National Taskforce for Humanity in Healthcare, estimated that nurse burnout costs hospitals an estimated $9 billion a year and the healthcare industry about $14 billion a year while the average cost of nurse turnover ranges from $39, 000 to $60, 000 causing hospitals to lose an average of $5.13 to $7.86 million annually (Healthcare Business Today, 2018), not including the monetary costs of medical errors, rates of healthcareassociated infections, and longer in-patient stay. Research Proposal for Study Replication

Research Proposal for Study Replication Assignment Paper. The purpose of my research proposal study is to convince professional healthcare agencies and readers that the increasing prevalence of nursing burnout has negative impact on patient safety and satisfaction and is worthy of a replication study. Reflect on the above questions and post a revised problem and purpose statement for your research proposal. The intent of this quantitative research study is to examine the connection that exist between nurse burnout and other nursing work issues and its effect on patient safety outcomes in mixed medical nursing unit. References: Gray, J. R., Grove, S. K., & Sutherland, S. (2017). The practice of nursing research: Appraisal, synthesis and generation of evidence (8th ed.) Saunders/Elsevier. Healthcare Business Today Team. (2018). Nursing Development: Finding Alignment with Today’s Learning Programs. Retrieved from https://www.healthcarebusinesstoday.com/nursing-developmentfinding-alignment-learning-programs/ Liu, X., Zheng, J., Liu, K., Baggs, J.G., Liu, J., Wu, Y., & You, L. (2018). Hospital nursing organizational factors, nursing care left undone, and nurse burnout as predictors of patient safety: A structural equation modeling analysis. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 86, 82-89. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2018.05.005 Sutherland, S. (2017). Retrieved from https://rnnetwork.com/blog/rnnetwork-nurse-survey/The National Taskforce for Humanity in Healthcare US Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2018). Retrieved from https://www.bls.gov/ooh/healthcare/registerednurses.htm NUR520 – DISCUSSION 2 Discuss the purposes, structures, strengths, and weaknesses of the study design for your proposal Design: The proposal study is a quantitative predictive correlational non-experimental research type. The design outlines and measures the variation of two or more variables and assesses the relationship between them without any manipulation from any extraneous variable. Purposes: The purpose of this proposal study is to determine the connection between nurse burnout and how it affects patient safety as well as propose strategies to reduce nurse burnout. Structures: The structure of the proposed study will include: Abstract (a succinct summary of the proposed research), Introduction (background to the research problem), Problem and Purpose Statement (what the research aims to achieve in relation to the research problem), Review of Literature (critical literature relevant to the study), Objectives (hypothesis or research question), Design/Methodology (proposed research approach, research design, data collection, sampling methods, and data analysis to be adopted), Recommendations, Conclusion, and Reference list. Strengths: The design is more applicable to everyday life and researchers can collect more data. Is considered non-experimental and does not require intervention or treatment. It aims to provide information about relevant variables (Baker, 2017). Allows for testing of expected relationship between and among variables. Weaknesses: Effects of variables may vary and may not be easy to moderate. Other variables may exist and not measured. It only uncovers relationship between variables but cannot draw inferences about the relationships between variables (Walinga & Stangor, 2014). Research Proposal for Study Replication

Research Proposal for Study Replication Assignment Paper. Based on the research design for your study, identify threats to validity Internal validity refers to the degree of confidence that the casual relationship being tested is trustworthy and not influenced by other factors or variables while external validity refers to the extent to which results from a study can be applied (generalized) to other situations, groups, or events. Some threats to internal validity for this design include Confounding Factors (unexpected factors or variable that influences the causal relationship in the study), Maturation (time may influence the variables), Participant Selection (randomly selected vs volunteer participants), and Attrition (participants may drop out of the study) (Streefkerk, 2020). Some threats to external validity for this design include Hawthorne Effect (tendency of participants to change their behavior because they know they are part of the study) and Situation Effect (setting, time of day, and location limit generalizability of the findings) (Streefkerk, 2020) Reference: Baker, C. (2017). Quantitative research designs: Experimental, quasi-experimental, and descriptive. Retrieved from https://samples.jbpub.com/9781284101539/9781284101539_CH06_Drummond.pdf Liu, X., Zheng, J., Liu, K., Baggs, J.G., Liu, J., Wu, Y., & You, L. (2018). Hospital nursing organizational factors, nursing care left undone, and nurse burnout as predictors of patient safety: A structural equation modeling analysis. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 86, 82-89. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2018.05.005 Streefkerk, R. (2020). Internal vs External Validity: Understanding Differences & Threats. Retrieved from https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/internal-vs-external-validity/ Walinga, J., & Stangor, C. (2014). 3.2 Psychologists Use Descriptive, Correlational, and Experimental Research Designs to Understand Behaviour. Retrieved from https://opentextbc.ca/introductiontopsychology/chapter/2-2-psychologists-use-descriptivecorrelational-and-experimental-research-designs-to-understand-behavior/ NUR520 – DISCUSSION 3 How will you protect the rights of the agency and participants in your study? U.S. government follows a system of federal rules and regulations that were designed to protect human participants and ensure that clinical research is conducted in an ethical manner. As a researcher, one needs to follow these rules to protect the rights of the agency and participants in their study. These include obtaining participant consent, maintaining participants’ confidentiality, respond quickly to all participant concerns and questions, and notify participants regarding changes to the risks or benefits of the study (ahrq.gov, n.d.). How will you protect the data? How long will you keep it? Anyone who conducts research with human subjects has a responsibility to protect the data collected and used for their research. As a rule, researchers working with human subjects should avoid collecting personal identifiable information whenever possible, data collected should be encrypted, limit access to only those that require it and have identified within an approved IRB protocol, and do not email PHI without encryption (UMASSED.edu, 2018). Research Proposal for Study Replication

Research Proposal for Study Replication Assignment Paper. In general, regulation requires that all raw data be kept for a minimum of 3 years after the study is completed and up to 5 years after final publication. Data can be kept longer if researchers need to re-analyze data results and publish again (Deakin University Library, n.d.). Will you need informed consent? Why or Why not? According to Manti and Licari (2018), informed consent is required in the following cases: (1) when the research involves patients, children, incompetent/incapacitated persons, healthy volunteers, immigrants or others (i.e. prisoners), and (2) when the research uses/collects human genetic material, biological samples or personal data. In some circumstances, informed consent can be waived and research without consent is possible but under strict regulation. To be considered justifiable, a research without consent should meet the following conditions according to 45 CFR 46 Section 46.117 (c): (1) the research presents no more than minimal risk and the researcher involves no procedures for which written consent is normally required outside of the research context, or, (2) the principal risks are those associated with a breach of confidentiality concerning the subject’s participation in the research and the consent document is the only record linking the subject with the research (AAPOR.org, n.d.). My replication research study does not need informed consent. According to American Association for Public Opinion Research (AAPOR, n.d.), “if requested by the researcher, the IRB may waive he signature requirement for certain types of minimal risk research, such as surveys, which is referred to as “waiver of documentation of consent””. Because surveys are conducted outside of a research context, most survey research studies do not require informed consent from the participants. International Journal of Nursing Studies 86 (2018) 82–89 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect International Journal of Nursing Studies journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ijns Hospital nursing organizational factors, nursing care left undone, and nurse burnout as predictors of patient safety: A structural equation modeling analysis Xu Liua,1, Jing Zhenga,1, Ke Liua, Judith Gedney Baggsb, Jiali Liua, Yan Wua, Liming Youa, a b T ⁎ School of Nursing, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China School of Nursing, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States A R T I C LE I N FO A B S T R A C T Keywords: Burnout Patient safety Structural equation modeling Work environment Workload China Background: Promotion of patient safety is among the most important goals and challenges of healthcare systems worldwide in countries including China. Donabedian’s Structure-Process-Outcome model implies that patient safety is affected by hospital nursing organizational factors and nursing care process. However, studies are imperative for a clear understanding about the mechanisms by which patient safety is affected to guide practice. Objective: The objective of this study was to explore the impact of hospital nursing work environment, workload, nursing care left undone, and nurse burnout on patient safety. Design: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in 23 hospitals in Guangdong province, China in 2014. Data from nurses (n = 1542) responsible for direct care on 111 randomly sampled medical and surgical units were analyzed. Methods: Work environment was measured by the Practice Environment Scale of Nursing Work Index. Workload was measured by day shift unit patient-nurse ratio and non-professional tasks conducted by nurses. Nursing care left undone was measured by 12 items addressing necessary nursing activities. Nurse burnout was measured by the emotional exhaustion subscale of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey. Patient safety was measured by three items indicating nurses’ perception of overall patient safety and nine items addressing patient adverse events. Structural equation modeling was used to examine a hypothesized model that supposed work environment and workload have both direct and indirect effects on p …